GRADE
12
UNIT-1, CRITICAL THINKING
What is critical thinking?
·
Critical
(vital/decisive/important) Thinking (view/judgment/belief/opinion/idea)
·
·
Being
able to distinguish between useful and useless details to solve
problem/decision making
·
Problem
– thinking- solution
·
Practical
strategy for better decision making, problem solving and goal setting
Critical thinking skills:
1.
Analysis- examine something carefully
through
·
Understanding the meaning of the
problem
·
Properly explain to others
·
Asking thoughtful questions, data
analysis, research, interpretation
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Skeptical evaluation
2.
Communication
·
Able to communicate to share ideas
effectively
3.
Creativity
·
Find out something new which no one has
ever found out
4.
Open-mindedness
·
Objectively evaluating ideas/biasness
evaluation
5.
Problem solving
·
Analyzing a problem and generating a
solution
Critical thinking support:
v
Always thinking critically
v
Argue and debate on everything,
v
different reading,
v
claim- evidence
v
learn from everything,
Steps of Critical thinking:
·
Remembering- factual concepts,
principles of the subject,
·
Understanding
situation – finding main idea/summarizing/explaining
·
Application
of theories- using ideas in new ways/applying theories
·
Analyzing –examining the reasons for
theories/finding evidences/relations
·
Evaluating-comparing ideas, finding
out strength and weakness
·
Creating- synthesis of a new
idea/new perspective
·
Communication – share you idea
The
text entitled “Know Thyself” is extracted taken from children’s novel “Wonder”
written by R.J. Palacio. Raquel Jaramillo Palacio (born July 13, 1963) is an American author and graphic designer. She is the author of several novels for
children, including the best-selling Wonder.
This text is about August Pullman,
a fifth grader having disfigured face attending an English class. A home
schooled child by his mother, is admitted in the fifth grade in a private
school. Here he narrates an English class by his teacher Mr. Browne who teaches
them what “Precept” is in an interesting and creative way.
Glossary:
Shuffling – walking by dragging one's feet along or without
lifting them fully from the ground.
Homeroom – a classroom in which a
group of students assemble daily with the same teacher before dispersing to
other classes
Zoomed out – to leave or exit from
something or someplace very rapidly or hastily
A
Wrinkle in Time – a novel
Shen of
the Sea – collection of short
stories
Doddling – to draw or scribble idly
Sneak – move or go in furtive or stealthy way
Precept – a general rule intended to
regulate behavior or thought
Nodded – made a slight, quick downward bending
forward of the head as in assent
Motto – a short ideal sentence or phrase
Fortune Cookie – a biscuit containing a
message about your future (Chinese meal)
Ground rule – a basic principle
Motivate – provide with a reason for
doing something
Plaque – an ornamental tablet, typically of metal, porcelain,
or wood that is fixed to a wall or other surface in commemoration of a person
or event.
Working with Words
A. Find the words from the
text that match with the following meanings.
a. Shuffling Walking
by dragging one’s feet along or without lifting them fully from the ground
b. Doddling drawing
pictures or patterns while thinking about something else
c. Plaque a
piece of flat metal with writing on it
d. Precept a
general rule intended to regulate behavior or thought
e. Sneak move
or go in a furtive or stealthy way
B. Consult your teacher and define the following thinking
skills.
a. convergent thinking: Convergent thinking is the process of coming up with the best
answer to a question using our memory, resources around us, or logic. A convergent
thinker simply needs to apply already established procedures and memory recall
to reach the ‘correct’ answer. Convergent thinking is very commonly used for
standardized and multiple choice tests. These sorts of tests simply assess our
knowledge and ability to apply knowledge to simple and logical situations.
b. divergent thinking : Divergent thinking is the exact opposite of convergent
thinking. It involves coming up to solutions, paths forward or new ideas when
there is no single correct answer. To come up with solutions to questions
without clear answers, you need to break down the possibilities and analyze
each part. You might create a pros and cons list, a Venn diagram or a table to
lay out your options and consider each one in turn.
d. Creative thinking: Creative thinking involves thinking about a topic in unusual, unconventional and alternative ways to generate new ideas about an established topic. A creative thinker will try to address an issue from a perspective that hasn’t been used before.
Comprehension:
Answer the
following questions.
a.
Who was Jack? How did he make children laugh?
Ans:- Jack was one of the friends of the narrator studying in
the same grade. He makes his friends/children laugh cracking jokes at
classroom.
b. Why are “Sharks” important to Reid?
Ans:- “Sharks” are important to Reid because they eat dead
thinks in the ocean.
c. What does Mr. Brown think about the most important thing?
Ans:- According to Mr. Brown the most important thing is
“knowing our inner self”, or precept.
d. What is that has not been noticed by the student?
Ans:- The students have not noticed the plaque next to the
door of the school yet.
e. How did Jack make fun of the English class?
Ans:- Jack made fun of the English class by cracking jokes
with his friends.
f. What were the students going to do at the end of the month?
Ans:- At the end of the month, the students are going to
write an essay about the precept introduced by Mr. Brown at the beginning of
the very month.
g. What particular act of students surprised a girl student?
Ans:- The teacher asks the students to come up with own
personal precept written on a post card after summer vacation and before they
leave for vacation they have to mail their own percepts, but one girl student
surprised on that act of students.
Critical Thinking
a.
Have you made your own precept after you read this lesson? What is it? Share it
with your friends.
b.
According to Josh Lanyan, “If there was one life skill everyone on the planet
needed, it was the ability to think with critical objectivity.” Justify this
statement.
Ans:- The precept “If there was one life skill everyone on
the plant needed, it was the ability to think with critical objectivity” by
Josh Lanyan talks about the most important life skill i.e. critical thinking
ability. There are many life skills such as self awareness, empathy, critical
& creative thinking, decision making, problem solving, effective
communication, interpersonal relationship etc. Among them critical thinking
skill is the most important skill. This skill is acquired through either
learning or direct real life experience, which enables us to handle issues and
problems encountered in daily life through grave thinking. Critical thinking is
to analyze different sources of information without any biasness for making a
reasonable, rational, and logical decision, conclusion or judgment. This skill
includes analysis, communication, creativity, open mindedness and problem
solving following the steps such as identifying the problem, gathering
information, analyzing them, interpret, establishing new idea and finding and
communicating suitable and profitable solution. This skill gears human mind
making us apt for acting as a rational being. In every area, this skill is
needed such as in reasoning, evaluating, problem solving, decision making, and
analyzing something. It enables us to observe anything beyond the normal level.
It bring positive changes in our life, it is a key to career success, makes us
give better and well formed decisions, improves relationship, makes us more
informed citizen etc.
Writing
Write an email to your friend explaining an interesting class you had.
What
is an email?
·
Electronic mail or digital letter or paperless letter
·
A method of exchanging messages between or among people using electronic
devices (Cell phone, Computer, Laptop with internet service) and email service
providing platforms such as hotmail, yahoo, Gmail etc.
·
It is the most commonly used method to convey formal or informal message
to people,
·
Sent both personally and officially (informal and formal)
·
Easy to send and instant delivery and receiving
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