Compulsory English
Grade 12
Language Development
UNIT-8, HUMAN CULTURE
Land of Plenty
Exercises
Working with words:
A. Complete the given sentences
with the suitable words from the box.
wrapped, embarrassment, abundance, ordinary, teetering, outskirts,
dragging
a. The annual report has caused acute embarrassment to the government.
b. Ellen has worn high-heels. She is teetering.
c. Look! The poor horse is dragging
a heavy load.
d. As they approached the outskirts
of the city, Ella's mood visibly lightened.
e. The parcel was wrapped
in plain brown paper. It still looks attractive.
f. Fruits and vegetables grow in abundance in the Terai region.
g. They can abstract precious medicines from ordinary substances.
B. Word formation is a process
in which new words are formed from base or root words by adding prefixes or
suffixes. A root word can be a verb, noun, adjective or an adverb. See the
following examples.
Root word Suffix New Word
govern (v.) -ment government
(n.)
perfect (adj.) -ion perfection
(n.)
service (v.) -able serviceable
(adj.)
beauty (n.) -full beautiful
(adj.)
warm (adj.) -ly
warmly
(adv.)
C. Add suitable suffix to the
root words given and write the parts of speech of each newly formed word.
Root Word |
Suffix |
New word |
neighbour |
neighbour + hood |
neighbourhood (n.) |
comfort |
comfort + able |
comfortable (adj.) |
shop |
shop + er |
shopper (n.) |
husk |
husk+ y |
husky (n.) |
squeamish |
squeamish + ness |
squeamishness (n.) |
change |
change + able |
changeable (adj.) |
shine |
shine+y |
shiny (adj.) |
colloquial |
colloquial+ly |
colloquially (adv.) |
collect |
collect+ion |
collection (n.) |
embarrass |
embarrass+ment |
embarashment (n.) |
persuade |
persuade+able |
persuadable (adj.) |
type |
type+ical |
typical (adj.) |
differ |
Differ |
Suitable suffix is not found in the list |
ship |
ship+able |
shippable (adj.) |
tropic |
tropic+ical |
tropical (adj.) |
drive |
drive+er |
driver (n) |
reside |
Reside |
Suitable suffix is not found in the list |
brother |
brother+hood |
brotherhood (n.) |
fresh |
fresh+ness |
freshness (n.) |
D. Look for the following words
related to waste management in an English dictionary. Make sentences of your
own using them.
Sewage: The city needs a new sewage disposal system.
Sludge: The dumping of sewage sludge at sea was banned in 2020.
Organic waste: Decomposition of organic waste is a major source of methane.
Inorganic waste: Inorganic waste doesn't contain organic compounds.
Methane: Methane is a colorless and odorless gas found naturally on Earth.
Waste reduction: Waste reduction is the best way to preserve
environment.
Monofil: I don’t know what is the use
of monofil.
Market waste: Management of market waste is
a big problem in some cities in Nepal.
Incineration: Incineration is a common technique for
treating waste.
Hazardous waste: Scientific
labs produce hazardour waste.
Comprehension:
Answer and following questions.
a. How does the author describe
the Japanese waste management system?
Ans:- The author describes the waste management system in Japan in
a sarcastic and funny way.
b. What are the two reasons
behind the existence of Sodaigomi in
Japanese culture?
Ans:- The two reasons behind the existence of Sodaigomi in Japanese
culture are:
i. The small size of the typical Japanese house lacking attic,
cellar, garage and spare room and,
ii. Their desire for freshness and purity and they don't like to
use second-hand things no matter how good and new they are.
c. What, according to the
author, do the Japanese culture concerning the used items?
Ans:- Japanese people seem to feel about buying used things as the
author feels about buying someone else's socks. They feel embarrassed to
purchase things in recycle shops as it is similar to buy at a Frederick's
Hollywood shop.
d. How is Malaysian culture
different from Japanese culture concerning the used items?
Ans:- It is totally different from Japanese culture in terms of
using second hand goods. Malaysians don't like to throw anything away. These
people are even enthusiastic to buy things sold in auctions and second-hand
shops. But Japanese throw even clean and new looking merchandise on the street
at sodiagomi.
e. Why did the author feel
awkward at the sodaigomi pile?
Ans:- The author felt awkward at the sodigomi pile because he was
confused and timid to grab anything from the pile just then.
f. How many articles did the
author bring to his house one after another?
Ans:- The author brought a table, a lawn chair, a shiny new bell, a
wooden cupboard, a set of wrenches and screwdrivers in a metal box, a barstool,
a tray, a black and white TV, and a color TV to his house one after another.
g. Why do most people try to find
things in trash pile 'in the dead of the night'?
Ans:- Most people try to find things in trash pile 'in the death of
the night' because everyone can pretend not to notice who are skimming things
at the sodaigomi and people overcome shame while picking up things in pile at
that time.
h. How did the author's family
assimilate Japanese culture in using consumer goods?
Ans:- Most of the people in Japan don’t use consumer goods. They
throw away their used items at sodaigami piles because of the lack of storage.
They observe the items on day and in the dead of night they replace their items
from the sodaigami. The author also did so. He didn’t grab any item from the
nearby pile on day time. When there is no one to notice at the midnight, he
skims the pile and takes the items to his room and put backs the items if they
are nolonger useable. He filled his rooms bringing items such as chair, table,
tray etc. needed for his family from the piles. In this way he assimilated
Japanese culture in using consumers goods.
Critical
Thinking
a. If
you happen to be in Japan someday, will you collect articles from sodaigomi?
Why or why not?
Ans: - After reading this
article I am very much clear about waste management in Japan. Sodiagomi piles
seem amazing in Japan. Sodiagomi piles are part of recycling where we throw
used items in days and receive thrown goods at night secretly. Publicly it is
shameful to use second-hand goods. The selection of items at the piles happens
in the dead of night. If I happen to be in Japan someday, I will collect
articles from sodiagomi. Japanese prefer to use a new and fresh one and they
throw away used items even they are new. People like me, who migrate to Japan
for study or work face difficulty in managing money. To spend money on different
items unnecessarily, it is better to skim the sodaigomi pile secretly at night.
Most of the people do the same. Though it is a shameful act if someone notices,
it saves our money and fulfils our needs.
b.
There are some second-hand shops in Nepal, too. But people are not much
interested in them. What practice would be suitable in managing second-hand
items in Nepal?
Ans:- Second-hand shops are
those in which used items, which are not too old to use, are sold. Most of the
people in Nepal are middle class and poor and it is difficult to buy everything
fresh and new. It is human desire to use expensive and good quality goods but
all people can’t afford them. To spend a huge amount of money on costly things
means curtailing expenditure on daily used items. So, some people prefer to buy
goods in second-hand shops however it is unusual. There are various reasons
behind our disinterest in buying second-hand goods. The people who sell
second-hand goods at shops are not faithful. They lie in the durability and
effectiveness of second-hand goods. People want to show off even if they don’t
have lots of money in terms of buying goods. If other people know we are buying
second-hand goods, they insult us. Even we don’t feel proud to buy used items.
Even some government offices let used items be rusted instead of selling at a
moderate price. Buying such goods takes a lengthy process. We can manage used
items by repairing and polishing but our culture is using fresh items like
Japanese people. We must develop our habit of buying second-hand goods if they
are in good condition. Buying all sorts of used items is not good, but we can
buy used items such as good conditioned furniture, electric types of equipment
and vehicles. Rich people can afford expensive items and after short term use,
they exchange those items. If such items are good enough to use, we must
develop our habit to buy them. We must not feel humiliated in using such
items.
Writing
a.
Write a paragraph elaborating the idea of 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycle) in
garbage management.
Ans:- The increased pollution
is depleting our environment these days. The wastes created by humans are
polluting our environment causing different hazardous effects both to humans
and animals. These are the main causes of different diseases. The idea of 3Rs
(reduce, reuse and recycle) in garbage management is the best idea to reduce
environmental pollution. Reduce means reducing the number of wastes we produce
daily. We must be conscious of producing wastes. If it is possible, we have to
reuse them. Items such as plastic bottles, bags, items made of metals must be
reused instead of littering on the earth. If such things are too bad to use, we
have to sell them to recycling factories. This kind of behaviour leads to
sustainable development and a better environment. Lesser pollution, better
health index of the country results in healthier people. 3Rs is the most
effective way to reduce environmental depletion due to toxic waste being
emitted in large numbers. The result of less waste is positive for the
environment, human health and the economy.
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